Herpes simplex infections (cold sores) in humans primarily manifest in two ways: the first type frequently affects the head and neck region (most commonly around the lips); and the second type affects the genital area.
Type 1 herpes infection is common worldwide. When a person first encounters the herpes virus, fever and swollen lymph nodes in the affected area usually accompany the infection. In individuals with a healthy immune system, the disease usually resolves spontaneously within a few weeks. However, the body's immune system cannot completely eliminate the viruses, and the viruses travel along regional nerves to the nerve roots, where they remain permanently. In conditions that weaken the body's general or regional resistance, these dormant viruses begin to multiply again, reaching the skin along the nerves and causing recurrent infections. Infections accompanied by high fever, sun or wind exposure, and regional trauma can temporarily suppress local immunity, creating a predisposition to cold sores.
The disease manifests as groups of fluid-filled blisters, 1-2 cm in diameter. These blisters scab over within a few days and heal within 3-7 days, usually without leaving scars. Wet compresses and antiviral medications shorten the healing time in treatment.
Genital herpes infections are usually transmitted through sexual intercourse and are the most common sexually transmitted disease in the US today. The first infection is particularly severe in women. It can cause regional lymph node enlargement, fever, and severe pain during urination. Scattered or clustered blisters, sores, and redness develop on the genitals. After the initial infection, the disease remains dormant in the nerve roots. It can recur with trauma, menstruation, or stress.
Frequent genital herpes negatively impacts a person's sexual and social life. Long-term suppressive treatments with antivirals are used for frequently recurring infections. Using condoms during an active infection also reduces the risk of transmission to a partner. For mothers with an active infection during childbirth, a cesarean section can prevent the baby from passing through the birth canal.
TREATMENT
General measures
• Pain relievers can be used for painful conditions.
• Drying dressings will be beneficial for the wounds.
• Antibiotic creams should be applied if the wound is excessively oozing.
• Anesthetic creams can be applied in painful conditions.
• Antiviral drugs
Acylovir tablet or cream, Valacylovir tablet, Famciclovir, Vidarabin, Foscarnet (in patients with AIDS), Cidofovir, Penciclovir 1% cream
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